In many watersheds, thawing permafrost is also increasing acidity and mobilizing toxic metals.
Rusting Rivers Across Northern Alaska
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2025 Arctic Report Card documents more than 200 discolored streams and rivers across Arctic Alaska, with most changes emerging within the past 10 years.
The report links the trend to long-term permafrost warming and notes that many affected waters show higher acidity and elevated trace metals, conditions that can degrade aquatic habitats and biodiversity.
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